Key Architectural Differences and Optimizations

VeChainThor introduces several key features that differentiate it from Ethereum:

1. Two-Token System (VET & VTHO):

• VET (VeChain Token): The primary reserve of value token. VET has a maximum fixed supply of around 86 billion tokens which have already been minted. No more VET will be created.

• VTHO (VeChainThor Energy): Functions as a “gas token,” is an ERC20 native currency used to pay for the cost of computation (gas) on the blockchain. Transactions consume VTHO, a portion of which gets burned. VET holders generate VTHO over time (at a rate of 0.000432 VTHO per VET per day).

• Benefit: Decouples transaction costs (VTHO) from the price volatility of the main asset (VET), leading to more predictable and stable transaction fees for businesses.

• Implication: Developers must manage both VET and VTHO.

1. Multi-Clause Transactions (MCT) and Multi-Task Transactions (MTT):

• Ethereum: Typically, one transaction performs one action.

• VeChainThor (MCT): Allows multiple clauses within a single transaction, each performing a separate action (e.g., transferring tokens to different recipients, calling different contract functions).

• VeChainThor (MTT): An extension of MCT. With MTT, users can batch multiple clauses that involve transfers to various recipients and call functions of different contracts, all packed in one transaction and executed atomically.

• Benefit: Dramatically improves efficiency and reduces transaction overhead for complex operations, particularly beneficial for supply chain applications.

• Implication: Developers can design more efficient workflows but need to deal with a different transaction structure also when the clause is 1. The transaction envelope is different.

1. API-Based Architecture (RESTful API vs. JSON-RPC):

• Ethereum: Primarily relies on JSON-RPC for blockchain interaction.

• VeChainThor: Emphasizes a RESTful API, a more common standard in enterprise systems.

• Benefit: Easier integration with existing enterprise infrastructure and backend systems. RESTful APIs are generally considered more developer-friendly.

• Implication: While an SDK RPC Proxy provides partial support for Ethereum's JSON-RPC methods, developers should prioritize the RESTful API for best performance and integration. Not all JSON-RPC methods are supported, and some have limitations.

1. Transaction Dependency:

• VeChainThor: Allows developers to specify that one transaction depends on the successful execution of another.

• Benefit: Ensures ordered execution of transactions, crucial for complex workflows where the sequence of operations matters.

• Implication: Developers can build more reliable and predictable applications by defining transaction dependencies.

1. Transaction Expiration:

• VeChainThor: Transactions can be given an expiration time. If not included in a block within that timeframe, they expire.

• Benefit: Prevents stale transactions from clogging the network and provides more control over transaction validity.

• Implication: Developers can force a more efficient transaction flow, and can be set to null when it’s not required. But the transaction envelope is different.

1. Hashing Algorithm:

• VeChain: Uses blake2b for hashing.

• Ethereum: Uses keccak-256.

1. Nonce Handling:

• VeChain: Can be set to random. Ensuring transaction uniqueness is determined by content rather than nonce.

• Ethereum: Uses an incrementing nonce, requiring strict tracking of transaction history.